What are some interesting facts about helium? Helium, the second lightest element in the universe, is a fascinating substance with numerous intriguing properties and applications. Despite being abundant in the Earth’s atmosphere, helium remains a rare and valuable resource. Let’s delve into some of the most captivating facts about this noble gas.
Firstly, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, following hydrogen. It makes up about 24% of the universe’s mass, making it a crucial component of stars and galaxies. However, on Earth, helium is relatively scarce, with only about 0.0005% of the atmosphere being helium.
Secondly, helium is a noble gas, which means it is chemically inert and does not react with other elements under normal conditions. This property makes it ideal for various applications, such as lifting balloons and airships. Helium’s low density allows it to displace air, providing the necessary buoyancy for these lighter-than-air crafts.
One of the most intriguing facts about helium is its use in medical imaging. Helium-3, a radioactive isotope of helium, is used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans. These scans help doctors diagnose diseases like cancer by detecting the radioactive helium emitted by the body’s tissues.
Another fascinating fact is that helium is the second element to be placed in the periodic table, following hydrogen. It was discovered in 1868 by French astronomer Jules Janssen, who observed a yellow spectral line during a solar eclipse. This discovery was later confirmed by English chemist Norman Lockyer, who named the element after the Greek god of the sun, Helios.
Helium is also used in deep-sea diving and submarine exploration. Helium-oxygen mixtures are used to prevent decompression sickness, also known as “the bends,” which occurs when divers ascend too quickly from deep water. The mixture reduces the risk of nitrogen bubbles forming in the bloodstream.
Furthermore, helium is used in cryogenics, the study and application of low temperatures. It is employed in cooling superconducting magnets in particle accelerators and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines. Helium’s ability to condense to its liquid state at extremely low temperatures makes it an essential component in these applications.
Lastly, helium is used in party balloons and airships due to its non-flammable nature. Unlike hydrogen, which is highly flammable, helium is safe to use in these applications. This has made helium a popular choice for creating festive and whimsical decorations.
In conclusion, helium is a unique and fascinating element with numerous interesting facts and applications. From its abundance in the universe to its use in medical imaging and cryogenics, helium continues to be a valuable resource with a wide range of uses. Its properties make it an essential element in our daily lives, and its rarity on Earth highlights its importance in various scientific and technological fields.
